| General note |
Contents<br/>SECTION A CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE<br/>1.Blochemical Perspective We to Medicine Sviiting forewe in thomolecules Facrostate bonds, frydnshot interac Warms Hydrogen bond, Propemies of water, Principles of Themmalynamics Doran Membrane<br/>2. Sulicellular Organelles and Cell Membranes<br/>Cel Camposition, Subecentar organelles Nucleus. Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Peroxtomers Milochondris Flunt Mosaic Model, Lipid rafts, Caveolae. Tight jononan Transport mechanisms. Facilitated diffusion, lon channels, Ligand gated channels. Vota houn, Gyloskinton Voltage gated channel Jonophores. Active transport, Sodium pump, Uniport, Symport, Antiport. Exocytosis. Endocytosis Pinocytosis Phagocytosis<br/>3. Amino Acids: Structure and Properties.<br/>19 Classification based on structure, Classification based on side chain characters. Classification based on Decaboox fate Classification based on nutritional requirement, properties and reactions, iso-electric point. Decarboxylation, Amide formation, Transamination, Oxidative desmination, Amino acid derivatives of<br/>importance. Peptide bond, Color reactions of amino acids and proteins<br/>4. Proteins: Structure and Function<br/>27 Structure of proteins, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, Primary structure of insulin. Structure-function relationship, Sequence analysis, iso-electric pH. Precipitation reactions, Denaturation<br/>of proteins, Heat coagulation, Classification of proteins, Quantitative estimation of proteins<br/>5. Enzymology: General Concepts and Enzyme Kinetics 40 Classification, Co-enzymes, Mode of action of enzymes, Active center, Kinetics, Michaelis constant, Activation Competitive inhibition Noncompetitive inhibition, Allosteric inhibition, Key enzymes, Feedback inhibition, Covalent modification, Repression, Induction, Specificity of enzymes, Enzyme engineering.<br/>6. Chemistry of Carbohydrates.....<br/>Benedict's reaction, Osazone, Glycosides, Amino sugars, Deoxy sugars. Disaccharides. Sucrose, Lactose,<br/>Enzyme units. Iso-enzymes. 60 Monosaccharides, Glucose, Fructose, Mannose. Galactose, Stereoisomers, Epimers, Reactions,<br/>Maltose, Polysaccharides, Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Mucopolysaccharides 7. Chemistry of Lipids Classification of lipids, Classification of fatty acids, Saturated<br/>fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Triglycerides, Classification of compound lipids, Phospholipids, Liposomes, Lecithin, Phospholipases, Lung surfactants, Cephalin, Plasmalogens, Sphingolipids, Nonphosphorylated lipids. Compound lipids, Glycerophosphatides, Sphingolipids, Sphingomyelin. Cerebrosides, Gangliosides<br/>SECTION B: GENERAL METABOLISM<br/>8. Overview of Metabolism<br/>83<br/>Experimental approach to study of metabolism, Tissue culture, Radioisotope tracers, Metabolic profile in organs, Brain. Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, Adipose tissue, Liver, Metabolic adaptations during<br/>starvation<br/>of blood sugar, Em<br/>of pyruvate Gluconeogene<br/>Regulation of<br/>Fate<br/>BPO sunt<br/>Пусорен куитивis, Cityongen storage diseanes<br/>of Cerlichydrate<br/>deficiency<br/>metabo of fatty acids. Elongation Synthes con and affattation Friergelics Oxidation of old chain fatty acids. Al Pty L Matahlten of artipast ten Hormone sensitive pase Liver adipose tissue axis Otжил tation Organic duras De novo synthesis of Upotropie factors Ketone bodies, Ketogenesis Ketolysis, Ketosis<br/>Patty Actis<br/>dehydrogenate de<br/>metabolam, Hereditary<br/>Metsbotam<br/>Glucuronic<br/>fructose intolera<br/>of alcohol Amino sugars, Glycopro<br/>ibm errors associated with carbohydrate,<br/>Biosynthesis of VLDL, LDL HDL cholesterol, Plasma lipids, Acoticonroteins. Chylomicrons alls Steroid hormones Transport of lipids. Lplat. Free fatty acid, Non-esterified fatty aods, B 146 Linoprotein<br/>12. Chotesterol and Lipoproteins Steroide Savichire of cholesterol<br/>13 MCFA, PUFA, Prostaglandins and Compound Lipids Digestion of medium chain fatty acids, Monounsaturated fatty acids. Beta oxidation of unsaturated Eicosanoids, Phosphatidy ds, Essential fatty acids, Polyunsaturated fatty acids Desaturation of fatty acids, Prostaglandins. Leukotrienes. Very long chain fatty acids, Synthesis of choline Sphingomyelin, Lipid storage diseases. Compound Lipids,<br/>14. General Amino Acid Metabolism (Urea Cycle, One Carbon Metabolism)...... Gension Arplote Absorption of amino acids, Meister cycle, Intracellular protein degradation, Cathe Ubiquitin pathway. Proteasomes, inter-organ transport of amino acids, Glucose Alanine cycle; of amino acids, Formation of ammonia, Transamination, Oxidative deamination, Nonoxidative aryce Disorders of urea cycle, Hepatic coma, Blood urea. One carton compounds. Generation and utilization of one carbon groups. Catabolism deamination<br/>15. Simple, Hydroxy and Sulfur Containing Amino Acids Serine, Methionine, Cysteine)<br/>(Glycine creatine, Creatinine, Primary hyperoxaluria, Serine, Serine choline glycine cycle, Selenocysteins Glycine Glucose alanine cycle, Beta alanine, Threonine, Methionine, Transmethylation reactions, Cysteine Glutathione, Sulphur, Cystinuria, Homocystinurias, Cystathioninuria. 1ງ<br/>16. Acidic, Basic and Branched Chain Amino Acids (Glutamic Acids, Aspartic Acid, Lysine, Arginine, Nitric Oxide, Histidine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine)<br/>194 Glutamic acid, GABA, Glutamine, Aspartic acid, Asparagine, dicarboxylic amino aciduria, Lysine, Arginine Nitnc Oxide, Ornithine, Polyamine synthesis, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine. Maple syrup urine disease Isovaleric aciduria, Histidine, Histamine<br/>17. Aromatic Amino Acids and Amino Acidurias<br/>(Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan, Proline).........<br/>20 Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Melanin, Catecholamines, Phenylketonuria, Alcaptonuria, Albinism, Tryptopham Nicotinic acid pathway, Serotonin, Melatonin, Indican, Hartnup's disease, Proline, Inter-relation of amir acids. Amino aciduria. Citric Acid Cycle<br/>Citric acid cycle reactions, Significance of TCA cycle, Amphibolic role, Regulation, Integration of metabolis<br/>M<br/>?<br/>Shift<br/>↑<br/>+<br/>Alt<br/>Ctri<br/>xvii<br/>612<br/>Contents<br/>Gene library, Linkage analysis, Microsatellite markers, Human Genome Project, Southern blot, In-situ hybridisation, Northern blotting, Western blot, Animal cloning, Molecular cloning in clinical diagnosis and management, DNA finger printing. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Reverse PCR, Hybridoma technology and Monoclonal antibodies, Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP), Heteroduplex Analysis, Conformation Sensitive Gel Electrophoresis (CSGE), Protein Truncation Test (PTT), Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC), Transgenesis. DNA sequencing, Bio-informatics, Nanotechnology. |
