| General note |
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br/>Section One<br/>1. Introduction Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Forensic Medicine, Forensic pathology-3<br/>Jurisprudence and Forensic Medicine<br/>Clinical Forensic medicine-3<br/>Toxicology 4<br/>2. Death and Changes after Death<br/>Somatic Death, Molecular Death, Brain Death-11 Certification of death, Modes of death-<br/>Postmortem cooling-<br/>Primary flaccidity, Rigor mortis<br/>Thanarology, Medical jurtaprudence Medical ethics, Medical etiquete-<br/>History of Forensic medicine & Tosisology-4-<br/>Brain stern death, Harvard's Criteria<br/>Changes after death, suspended animation- 16-<br/>Changes in the eye, Autolysis, Decomposition or Putrefaction<br/>Colliquative putrefaction-<br/>Decomposition of internal organs-33 Adipocere, Mummification-<br/>Presumption of death and Survivorship-<br/>3. Medicolegal Autopsy & Exhumation Procedure, External, Internal examination-<br/>Demonstration of air embolism<br/>Head, Brain <br/>Spinal cord<br/>Exhumation-62, Virtopsy - 65<br/>4. Identity<br/>Complete identity, partial identity-71<br/>Bhawal Sanyasi case-71<br/>Corpus delicti-72, Race-73, Sex-74<br/>Pestmortem hypostasis-17- Cadaveric spam 24-<br/>Marbling of skin-29-<br/>Fotensic entomology-30<br/>Casper's dictum-<br/>Embalming -<br/>Chest, Abdomen-48<br/>Examination of organs, Heart-49-<br/>Urinary system- Fetal autopry-<br/>Examination of skeletal remains, aging of bones<br/>True hermaphroditism-76, Pseudohermaphroditism-26 Hijras and Zenanas -77<br/>Sex chromatin-78<br/>Degree of accuracy in sex determination-79<br/>65<br/>Medicolegal significance - civil, criminal<br/>Acid bath murder case-<br/>Klinefelter's syndrome-75, Turner's syndrome.<br/>Differences between male and female mandible-81<br/>Sex difference between male and female sacrum-83<br/>Sex difference between male and female sternum-85 Difference between temporary and permanent teeth-88<br/>Gustafson's method of age from tooth-89-91<br/>Dental profiling-93<br/>Ossification of skull sutures - 95.<br/>Ossification centres Wrist - 97<br/>Pelvis, Femur-97,<br/>Age changes in mandible - 101<br/>Ossification centres in foetus - 102<br/>Closure of fontanelle in infants - 103<br/>Haase's rule 103<br/>Medicolegal significance of age - 104, 105 Anthropometry, Fingerprints-107-109<br/>Foot prints - 110<br/>Sex reassignment surgery<br/>Concealed sex-<br/>Male and female skull difference<br/>Sex difference, male and female pelvis<br/>Sex difference male and female femur<br/>Teeth, temporary, permanent, eruption - 86<br/>Forensic odontology-91 Haman bite marks<br/>International dental formula (modified FDI)-94<br/>Shoulder, Elbow<br/>Age changes in pubic symphysis<br/>Age of foetus-102<br/>Development of secondary sex characteristics<br/>Stature, Karl Pearson's formula-10<br/>Poroscopy<br/>Lip prints - 1<br/>1 dence<br/>guette-3<br/>gy-4-7<br/>7-18<br/>4-25<br/>29-30<br/>0-33<br/>-34<br/>37<br/>45<br/>49<br/>50<br/>6<br/>2<br/>Tattok marks 111, Nydnes shark we<br/>Superimpoutin 113, 1<br/>PCR method 11 Applion of Scan, Оссиней в Spore 120 DNA11<br/>Mechantent Injaries<br/>Classification of impones, shroom-129<br/>Age of stravion 131.<br/>Ectopic contusion, black eye<br/>Arutal rose -137-138 132-134<br/>Cut throat 141-142, Penetrating weninds: 144<br/>Perforatung wound-145, Wounds by differpot weapons 147 148<br/>Salcidal, homicidal wounds 140 150<br/>DNA RFLP 1<br/>Premeure alw<br/>Cofer chonge in con<br/>Laperations Incited wends<br/>Chop wounds Winind by an<br/>Hesbu bir Defence wounds, Self flucted wounds 150<br/>6. Gonshot wounds. & Explosion injuries-<br/>Ballistics-156 Types of firearmis, Cartridges 156 158 Pellets, Bullets, Gun powders 160 162<br/>Rifle wounds, entrance and exit 167-168<br/>Accidemal, homicidal and suicidal-176<br/>Shotgun wounds, entrance and esit in Entrance and axit wounds on all th<br/>Clouge 15% Ricochet Bulle<br/>Extraordinary findings im butler injurie<br/>Explosion wounds 1<br/>Laboratory investigation-176, 177, Comparison microscope - 177<br/>7. Regional Injuries<br/>Head injuries-183, Skull fractures-184-186<br/>Cerebral concussion 190, Punch drunkenness - 192<br/>Cerebral edema - 192<br/>Extradural hemorrhage - 193<br/>Subarachnoid hemorrhage - 197<br/>Brain herniations-194, Injuries to vertebral column-200-201<br/>Injuries to bone, teeth 203<br/>Injuries to urinary bladder, genitalia 206<br/>8. Transportation Injuries<br/>Road traffic accidents, pedestrian injuries-213<br/>Secondary injuries-215, Waddell's triad-216 Pedal cyclists, motor cyclists-217, Railway injuries 220-221<br/>Mechanism of bram mjury 187<br/>Diffuse aannal injar<br/>Intracranial hemorrhag<br/>Subdural hemorrhae<br/>Intracerebral hemorrhage<br/>Whiplast injur Injuries to ribs, sternum, liver,<br/>iver, spleen, kidneys 201 Injuries due to fal<br/>Primary impact, secondary impact injuries-21<br/>9. Thermal Injuries<br/>Hypothermia, Trench foot, Frost bite-226-227<br/>Heat exhaustion, Heat stroke-228-229, Burns-230<br/>Classifications, causes of death-231, 232<br/>Heat hematoma-234-235, Medicolegal importance -235<br/>Scalds, Chemical burns-237-239<br/>10. Electrical Injuries, Lightning & Radiation<br/>Joule burn, Spark burn, Flash burm-242-243<br/>Filigree burns-246, Lightning, Filigree burns-245-246<br/>11. Medicolegal Aspects of Injuries<br/>Injury - 251<br/>Murder, Dowry death, Grievous hurt-251-253<br/>Domestic violence - 260<br/>Injuries to occupants of a vehicle 216<br/>Aircraft injuries<br/>Heat cramps 22<br/>Wallace rule of nine<br/>Postmortem findings-23<br/>Charred body<br/>Preternatural combustions<br/>Postmortem findings, Judicial electrocutiom Radiation injuries, ARS-24<br/>Trauma, Assault, Battery, Homicide, Culpable homicide<br/>Torture, Custodial deaths 25-<br/>Causes of death from injuries<br/>Printary shock, Secondary shock-28 Antenmortem and and Postmortem wounds.<br/>Eainen, Throne Fat Air 263-261<br/>Hammenohistochemistry-267. Valintary anvernesas after injury-268<br/>Therapeutic wound<br/>12. Asphyxiad Deaths<br/>Antia, Mechanical asphysia 273 Auhtpey findings in hanging-276-280<br/>Hanging, Types of larging-273 Bloodless flap dissection of neck-28<br/>Paimar strengshuien 298. Carroting. Mugging 200-300 Jodicis lunging 288, tigamure strangulation 290-293, Throating-295 Fracture of beyond bone & thyroid cartilage in Hanging 283-284 Partial hanging, Sexual asphyxia 28<br/>Bamdola Suffocarion<br/>Daunatic asphysis, Burking-303-305 Types, Mechaniam, PM findings 307-312<br/>Sovethering-300, Gagging. Choking 301-302<br/>Café coconar Drowein<br/>Diatom seat-313, Scoba diving, Homicidal-314 Differences between Antemartem drowning and Postmortem submersion-316<br/>13. Starvation<br/>Acute atarvation, Chronic starvation 322-324<br/>14. Sudden Death Candrovascular causes-326<br/>Infarction at distance-327, Diseases of aona-329<br/>GIT, GUT cause-331<br/>15. Anesthetic Deaths<br/>General anesthesia, Local anesthesia 335-336- Spinal anesthesia-336<br/>16. Pestmortem Artefacts<br/>Medicolegal aspects<br/>Location of inyocardial infarction CNS, Respiratory causes-330<br/>Obscure autopsy. Negative autopsy, -331<br/>Agonal, Resuscitation anefacts 337, Artefacts of hypostasis 337 Postmortem corrosion-338, Artefacts due to decomposition - 339 Exhumation artefacts 339, Toxicological artefacts-339<br/>17. Impotence and Sterility<br/>Sexual cycle, physiology of erection-342, 343 Sterility, artificial insemination-347-341<br/>Surrogate mother-347<br/>18. Sexual Offences<br/>Rape-sections, Examination of victim -355-356<br/>Examination of accused-363<br/>Unnatural sexual offences, Sodomy-367-368<br/>Sexual perversions 371<br/>19. Examination of stains and Scene of crime Blood stains, Chemical examination, microscopy-377, 378.<br/>Blood groups - 380 Seminal stains-382<br/>Locard's Principle of Exchange-384<br/>Anesthetic agents<br/>Artefacts due to rigor mortis<br/>Embalming artefacts<br/>Artefacts due to autopsy<br/>Causes of impotence in males, females-344- In vitro fertilization, ART-<br/>Rape of virgin, Rape trauma syndrome<br/>Sexual assanit on children, POCSO-366-<br/>Buccal coitus, Lesbianism, Bestiality-370- Indecent assault, Sexting, Incest-373<br/>Tests for blood groups, Abnormal Hb 380<br/>Tests for semen, Vaginal fluid, Urine, Feces-382, 384, 384,<br/>Precipitin test-<br/>20. Virginity, Pregnancy, Delivery, Legitimacy<br/>Virgin, Types of hymen, False virgin-389-390<br/>Pseudocyesis 394 Prenatal diagnosis, PNDT-395, Delivery-395<br/>Disputed paternity 397<br/>Scene of Crime-384-<br/>Pregnancy, Signs and Symptoms, Tests-391<br/>Superfecundation, Superfoetation-394,<br/>Signs of delivery in living, dead-396.<br/>X<br/>Marriage-<br/>21 Medical Termination of pregnancy and Mor Um<br/>Criminal miscarriage, Sections, MTP Act 401-412 Criminal abortam, complications 404, 404<br/>23. Infanticide<br/>Historical aspects, will birth, Dead born 400, 410, 410<br/>Live birth 413<br/>Hydrostatne lest 414<br/>Caput succadaneum, Cephalhematoma 417 Precipitate laboun, Concealment, Abandooing #18,419<br/>Shaken baby syndrome-421<br/>23. Forensic Psychiatry Delusion, Hallucination, Delirten 426, 427<br/>Classification of psychiatric llness-428<br/>Lancid interval - 431<br/>Feigned insanity, Admission of insane 433,434<br/>Criminal responsibility-438<br/>Diminished responsibility-439<br/>24. Legal Procedures<br/>Indian penal code, Indian evidence Act- 447<br/>Non-cognizable offence, Warrant 447<br/>Non-bailable offence- 447<br/>Courts of law 449<br/>Special Magistrates-450<br/>Criminal courts in India-45)<br/>Dying declaration, Dying deposition-452,452<br/>Witness, Record of evidence 453<br/>Chief examination, Cross examination 454-454<br/>25. Medical law and ethics<br/>Amniotic fluid emboliam Spontaneous abortion<br/>Viability<br/>Signs of live hinh<br/>Histopathology of hing, stomach-bowl Jest-415-<br/>Natural, unnatural and criminal caninex- Battered baby syndrome<br/>Munchausen syndroron, Sudden infant death-<br/>Impulse, Obsession-427,428 Phobia, psychopath<br/>Schizophrenia, Bipolar disoider-429,<br/>Neurosis, psychosis, mental subnormality-431,432, Mental Health Act-434, Civil responsibility-<br/>Mc Naughten's rule, Durham rule, Curren's rule-438, Somnambulism, Hypnotism, Epilepsy<br/>Criminal offence, Cognizable offence-<br/>Summons case, Bailable offence<br/>Civil case, Inquest, Summons, Conduct money 447, 448<br/>Powers of Magistrates Juvenile Justice Board-<br/>Documentary evidence-<br/>Oral evidence-<br/>Perjury<br/>Re-examination, Doctor in the witness box-455,<br/>Indian medical council, State medical council-461, 464<br/>Professional misconduct-465<br/>Medical records-467<br/>Res ipsa loquitur - 469<br/>Civil & Criminal negligence-470<br/>Defences against Medical negligence-471<br/>Privileged communications-474<br/>Workmen's compensation-477<br/>Human rights, Transplantation Act 480<br/>HIV ethical issues-484<br/>Euthanasia-487<br/>Penal erasure<br/>Duties of a medical practitioner-<br/>Medical negligence-<br/>Novus actus interveniens-469,<br/>Contributory negligence-<br/>Professional secrecy-<br/>Consent, rules of consent, therapeutic privilege-474,476<br/>26. Newer Techniques and Recent advances<br/>Consumer protection<br/>Bioethics , Stem cell research-482<br/>Doctor and media, stress management-485,<br/>Polygraph-492, Brain Fingerprinting-492, Narcoanalysis-493 Matrix assisted Laser Desorption imaging-494<br/>Virtopsy-493<br/>Nicotine from fingerprints<br/>1.<br/>General kirations of toxiculagy Hary<br/>porneming, groeral-201 Adnimation of entuotes-502<br/>Physiological antidotec, Specific antidotes-501<br/>Pencsitamos, Desterrissamine 501, 501 Dialysis Hooperfu-504, 304<br/>Dual viscern taken fie chemical analysis-505<br/>2. Carmive pakeis<br/>Mineral acids, Sulphurs acil 311.311<br/>Nitric neid-514 Table showing HSO, INO, and HCI-515-516 Cebols acid-518<br/>Acetic acid-521 Poisoning hy<br/>3. Metallic polsons<br/>Arsenic 525<br/>Chronic anenic poisoning-527 Lead poiscming-529<br/>Lead paby, lead encephalopathy-531, 531<br/>Chronic mercury poisoning-534 Minamata Bay disease-535<br/>Wison's disease-536<br/>Metal lime fever-536<br/>4. Non-metallic prisons<br/>Phosphorus poisoning-539<br/>5. Alcohols<br/>Alcoholic beverage, proof spint-545, 544<br/>Signs & symptoms of alcohol intoxication-547<br/>Drunkenness, Breath analyzer-549, 549<br/>Alcohol and crimes-551 Chronic alcoholism-51<br/>Korsakoff's psychosis-552<br/>Disulfiram-553<br/>Ethylene glycol-555<br/>6. Agricultural poisons<br/>Organophosphorus poisons-559<br/>Action of organophosphates-560<br/>Other neurological manifestations of OPC-361 poisoning-564<br/>Diagnosis, Treatment of OPC Carbamates-563<br/>Section Two Toxicology<br/>Classification of poisom<br/>Cvitorla fow ideal homicidal poison- Procedure of stomach wash.<br/>Activated charcoal, chemical antidotes.<br/>Chelating agents, BAL, EDTA-503, 503. Forced alkalme diuresis<br/>Duties of medical practitioner in poisoning<br/>Negative result on chemical analysis<br/>Vitriolage<br/>Hydrochloric acid<br/>Poisoning by orgamc acids, oxalic acid-517<br/>Formic ucid Boric acid<br/>Petroleum products, Kerosene - 322<br/>Differences between arsenic poisoning & cholera Tests to detect arsenic<br/>Chronic lead poisoning<br/>Mercury poisoning-<br/>Mercuria lentis, Acródyma 5,34,<br/>Copper poisoning Zinc poisoning<br/>Methemoglobinemia-<br/>Chronic phosphorus poisoning, phossy jaw-540<br/>Metabolism of ethyl alcohol<br/>Measurement of alcohol concentration -<br/>Drunkenness and driving- Alcohol withdrawal -<br/>Wernicke's encephalopathy<br/>Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome-<br/>Methyl alcohol-<br/>Isopropanol<br/>Aryl & Alkyl phosphates -<br/>Signs & Symptoms of OPC Intermediate syndrome<br/>Oximes<br/>Organochlorines<br/>Eindrin-564<br/>Pyrmbrins and pyrethroids-500<br/>Aluminium phosphide-567<br/>7. Toxic Plants<br/>Abrus precatorius-570<br/>Toxallmumin-373 Jatropha cureas 374<br/>Semecarpus anacantium: 376<br/>8.Cardiné poisons<br/>Corbera thevetin-579 Cerbera odollam- 581<br/>Aconite-584<br/>Chronic cyanide poisoning-586<br/>9. Deliriants<br/>Datura fashiosa-59)<br/>Action of datira-592<br/>Hallucinogens-504<br/>Different preparations of cannabis - 594 Hashish insanity, Run amok 597, 597<br/>Hallucinogenic mushrooms-594<br/>10. Cerebral stimulants<br/>Cocaine, Action, Absorption fate 598<br/>Paraquat<br/>Zine phosphide-<br/>Ricinus commu<br/>Crotoniglium-<br/>Calotropis gigantes, procera-575,<br/>Glorious superba<br/>Digoxin Immune Fab<br/>Nerium odorum<br/>Hydrocyanic acid and salts<br/>Cleistanthus collimus<br/>Alkaloids<br/>Signs and symptoms of Datura<br/>Cannabis Sativa or Indica<br/>Chronic poisoning with cannabis Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)<br/>Excretion, signs and symptoms of cocaine-598<br/>Chronic use, Magnan's symptom, Medicolegal point<br/>11. Somniferous drugs<br/>Opium-<br/>Acute opium poisoning<br/>Heroin, Meperidine (Pethidine)<br/>12. Sedatives and Hypnotics.<br/>Barbiturates<br/>Action of barbiturates- Treatment for barbiturate poisoning-<br/>Postmortem appearances - <br/>13. Drug dependence<br/>Definition, methods and types of abuse - <br/>Inhalants<br/>Body packers, pushers and stuffers<br/>14. Medicinal poisons<br/>Acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin)-618 Paracetamol (acetaminophen) <br/>15. Spinal poisons<br/>Strychnos Nux-Vomica<br/>Derivatives of opium<br/>Chronic opium poisoning<br/>Absorption, fate, excretio<br/>Signs and symptoms of barbiturate Forced alkaline diurest<br/>Drug automatism, chronic poisoning-6<br/>Substances of abuse<br/>Postmortem findings in drug abus<br/>Golden triangle, cresent, quadrang<br/>Reye's syndrom Chloral hydrat<br/>Absorption, fate & excretion, Signs and symptoms <br/>Treatment of strychnine poisonin<br/>Differences between strychnine & tetanus-Conium Maculatum (Hemlock) <br/>Asphyxiants or Luang irritants Sternutators or nasal irritants Methyl isocyanate<br/>Hydrogen sulphide<br/>16. Irrespirable gases<br/>Carbon monoxide-<br/>Carbon dioxide-<br/>Signs and symptoms, Diagnosis and treatment of CO Poisoning-<br/>War gases <br/>Lacrimators or tear gases- Paralysants-<br/>Nerve gases <br/>17. Animal irritants<br/>Ophitoxaemia (Snake bites)<br/>Differences between poisonous and non-poisonous snakes<br/>Cobra, Common cobra, King cobra<br/>Russel's viper, Saw-scaled viper<br/>Malabar pit viper<br/>Krait, Common krait, banded krait-<br/>Sea snakes, beaked sea snake <br/>Bar-bellied sea snake<br/>Viper venom, krait venom<br/>Bites by Sea snakes<br/>First aid, Treatment for snake bites<br/>Green vine snake, Checkered keelback<br/>Dendrelaphis tristis<br/>Golden tree snake-<br/>Scorpions-<br/>Bees & Wasps-<br/>Centipedes <br/>18. Food poisoning<br/>Botulism<br/>Amanita muscari<br/>Argemone Mexicana, Epidemic dropsy<br/>Poisonous fish & Marine creatures<br/>Scombroid poisoning, Shellfish poisoning<br/>Box jelly fish, Dart frogs-<br/>Poisonous snakes in India<br/>Viper<br/>Pit viper, bamboo pit viper-<br/>Hump nosed pit viper<br/>Slender coral snakes- snake, yellow sea snake<br/>Annulated sea Fangs and venom, cobra venom<br/>Cobra bite, Krait bite, viper bite 639,640,<br/>General signs & symptoms of snake bite-<br/>Non-poisonous snakes, Python, Rat snake Common trinket snake<br/>Striped keelback, Common wolf snake-e Sand boa, Blind snake<br/>Cantharides.<br/>Spiders-6<br/>Poisonous mushrooms, Amanita phalloides-<br/>Other micro-organisms causing food poisoning-6- Lathyrus sativus, Ergot alkaloids-<br/>Ciguatera poisoning-6 Venomous fish- |
