History of Indian Medicine

CONTENTS
Foreword
Page
Preface
(10)
1
Sanskrit Alphabets Transliteration Chart
Introduction
The number of Sanskrit medical works. Brief survery of the work done by scholars. The neglect of Europeans. Importance of the study of History of Indian medical literature. Every chapter has as its heading the name of the physician whose life is described. It is an index of Sanskrit medical works. Study of history of medicine in Europe Notes of some works on the history of medicine. Decline of historical research in Europe. Recent publications. The study of History of Medicine in England. Medical Biographies and History. Revival of the study in India. Translation of Suśruta Samhita. Sanskrit medical books. A medical man should have wide culture. Recommendations of the Calcutta University Commission for the establishment of Chairs of History of Medicine and Pharmaeology. The importance of the study of Medical history: 1. Best method of popularising scientifc studies; 2. Educational aspect; 3. Necessary for research 4. Attractions for the study: 5. Useful pastime for busy practitioners. Sidelines of physicians. The utility of study: L Origin of medicines: (i) Gods, (ii) Animal instructors of medicines; II. Accounts of obsolete customs: (i) Visakanyā or poison-girls, (ii) Šuka-dosa, (iii) Temple Sleep; III. Therapeutic measures: (i) The immovable apparatus and rattan cane splints in fractures, (ii) Massage, (iii) Hypnotism, (iv) Exercise; IV. Indigenous drugs: V. Identification of diseases: (i) Leprosy, (ii) History of Cholera or Visūcīkā, Small-Pox, Vaccination, Inoculation and vaccination, Śitală, Syphilis. The methods of popularising the study of medical history: 1. Museums, 2. Exhibition, 3. Library, 4. Pictures.
Appendix
Notices, Biographical and Bibliograhical, of the Ayurvedic Physicians and their Works on Medicine:
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CHAPTER ONE
Itrastums The originátor of the Science of Life. His Ayurveda consisted of Salya Tantra on Major Surgery, Salakya Tantra or Minor Surgery. Käya Lakits or Medicine, Bhútavidya or Demology, Kumārabhątya the Science of Paediatrics, Agada Tantra or Toxicology, Rasayana or the Science of Tonics, and Väjikaratia Tantra or the Science of Aphrodisiacs. The Divine origin of medicines in Egypt. Greece and
other ancient countries. Mss. of Ayurveda. References to Brahma. His works. Formula attributed to Brahma. His disciples Visņu The Preserver, the Sun-god. References to Vişnu as a physician. Formulae ascribed to Visnu.
Šiva The propounder of the Science of Medicine. Rudra, Tryamvaka Who is Rudra? His names. His works, References to Rudra as a physician in the Vedas. Formulae ascribesd to Śiva. Serpent worship. Snake the symbol of wisdom.
CHAPTER TWO
Bhaskara or the Sun. Bhaskara a physician in the Rgveda. Birth of the Asvin twins. Bhaskara is the god of the eyes. Books and Formulae ascribed to him. References to Sürya and Savita in the Rgveda.
Indra as described in the Vedas and Puranas. He learned Medicine from the Ašvins. His disciples. Atreya and Bhardvāja, Reference to Indra as a physician. Incidents of Indra's life. The hymns to Indra in the Rgveda. The skill of Indra as a physcian. Formulae ascribed to him.
Kärttikeya. His works.
Sarasvati as river and as the goddess of learning. Bharati and Ilä. Formulae ascribed to Sarasvati. The hymns to Sarasvati in the Rgveda.
Rākā, Sinivāli, Gungū and Anumati.
CHAPTER THREE
Dakşa or the Prajāpati. He is the creator of living being. Genealogy of the teacher of medicines. Dakşa and Aesculapius. Formulae ascribed to Daksa.
COPTERTS
Yama The ruler of the dead. His character in the Veda and the Mahabharata. Books written by him. Hynms to Yama in the Revend Varuna The god of the ocean. Mitra and Varons in the Rigveda Varuna's medicines. Varuna and Oannes the Sumerian deity. The epithets of, and hymns to Varuna in the Vedas.
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The Aśvini Kumara the twin sons of Vivasvat and Saranya. Näsatya and Dasra. Descriptions of the Asvins in the Rgveda. Resemblance to Chiron the Centaur, and to Castor and Pollux. The Mitanian Gods. Incidents of their life. Hymns to Asvins in the Rgveda. References to Aśvins as medical men in the Rgveda, Caraka Samhita, and Suśruta Samhită. The epithets applied to them in the Rgveda. Their works. Formulae ascribed to the Aśvins.
CHAPTER FOUR
Kaśyapa. Reference to Kaśyapa. Formulae ascribed to him.
Kaśyapa The Elder. References to him in medical texts. Formulae ascribed to him. His works.
Soma in the Rgveda. Identification of the Soma plant. Manufacture of Soma juice. Properties ascribed to Soma juice. Soma as god. His divine powers. His wives. References to Soma as a god in the earlier hymns in the Rgveda. The dual character of Soma. The hymns in the Rgveda which treat of Soma.