Principles of Micribiology

Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Understanding Variations
Nucleic Acids in Biosynthetic Variations
1.1.2 Variation Investigations.
Easily Detected Variations.
1.2 Mutation
1.2.1 Mutations in Codons
1.3 Protein Synthesis by Substrate Constituents.
1.4 Relative Positions of Genes
1.5 Mating Types of Bacteria
1.6 Chromosome Mapping in Bacteria
1.7 Episomes
1.8 Cytoplasmic Inheritance in Microorganisms
1.9 Genetic Materials
Replication and Recombinations.
Chromosome Recombinants
1.12 Crossovers within Genes
Methods of Microbiology
2.1 Characterization
2.1.1 Relation to Oxygen
2.1.2 Anaerobes as Normal Flora
2.1.3 Anaerobic Infections
2.2 Collection of Specimens
2.2.1 Selection of Specimens for Anaerobic Culture
(0)
Collection MA
2.2.3 Transport of Specimens
24.1 Nonselective Media
24.2 Use of Liquid Media
24.3 Selective Media
244 Inoculation Procedures
25 Anaerobic Holding Jar Procedure
2.6 Use of Anaerobic Systems
2.6.1 Anaerobe Jars
2.6.2 Anaerobic Glove Box
2.6.3 PRAS Media and the Roll-streak Tube Technique
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23 Direct Examination of Speciinens
24 Selection and Use of Mediate
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2.6.4 Other Anaerobic Systems
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2.7 Incubation
2.8 Examination of Anaerobic Cultures
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2.8.1 Morphologic Considerations
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2.9 Microscopic features
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2.10 Colonial characteristics
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2.10.1 Determination of Relationship to Oxygen
2.10.2 Procedure for the Analysis of Nonvolatile Acids
2.10.3 GLC Standards and Controls
2.10.3 Equipment and Operating Conditions
Biochemical Characteriation..
2.11.1 Conventional Systems
2.11.2 Minitek and API 20A Packaged Microsystems
2.11.3 Presumpto Plate System
2.11.4 AT System
2.11.5 Microtube Plate Procedures
2.11.6 Rapid Enzyme Systems
2.12 Reporting of Results
2.12.1 Use of Reference Laboratories
3. Eukaryotic Microbiology
3.1 Malaria
3.1.2 Diagnosis of the Infecting Species
313 Identification
Examination of the blood smear
3.2.1 Serologic Diagnosis
3.3 Babesiosis
3.3.1 Diagnosis
3.4 Leishmaniasis
3.4.1 Diagnosis
3.5 Trypansosmiasis
3.5.1 Chagas' Disease
3.5.2 African Trypanosomiasis
3.5.3 Diagnosis
3.6 Toxoplasmosis
3.7 Pneumocystis Infection
3.7.1 Collection and Handling
3.7.2 Stains
Free-Living Pathogenic Amebae.
3.8.1 Morphology
3.8.2 Collection, Handling, and Storage of Specimens
3.8.3 Methods of Examination
3.8.4 Culture..
3.8.5 Enflagellation Experiment
3.8.6 Other Culture Methods
3.8.7 Serology
3.9 Intestinal and Urogenital Protozoa
3.9.1 Laboratory Diagnosis
3.10 Amoebae.
Entamoeba Histolytica
Immunodiagnosis of Amebiasis
3.10.3 IHA Test
3.11 Flagellate
Morphologic Identification of amebae
Giardia Lamblia
3.11.2 Chilomastix Mesnili
3.11.3 Dientamoeba Fragilis
(vill)
7.7
Isoenzymes (Isozymes)
7.8
How Enzymes Act.
7.8.1 Mechanism of Enzyme Action
7.9 Enzyme Induction
7.10 Enzyme Equilibria and Reversibility
7.11 Enzyme Control ....
7.11.1 "Feed-back" Controls
7.11.2 Energy Controls
7.12 Location of Enzymes in the Cell
Metabolite Antagonism
7.12.1 Exoenzymes
7.12.2 Endoenzymes
7.13 Factors that Affect Enzymes
7.13.1 Enzyme Inhibitors
Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes
Hydrolyzing Enzymes (Transferases)
7.15.2 Oxidizing and Reducing Enzymes (Oxidoreduc- tases)
Electron-Transfer Oxidases
Hydroperoxidases
Adding and Removing Enzymes
Nonoxidative Decarboxylases
Hydrases and Dehydrases
Isomerases
Permease Enzymes
Passive Transport
Active Transpost
8. DNA Technology
Plasmid Fingerprinting
Reagents
Equipment
Procedure for Preparing Plasmid DNA
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
9. Food Microbiology
Selection and Collection of Samples
Handling Samples
Preparing Sample and For Analysis
Appropriate Tests
Intepretation of Results