Essentials of Environment Education

Contents
Part 1: About Environmental Education
Chapter 1 Environmental Education: Concept, Need and Development
Development of Environmental Education 6,
Scope of Environmental Education 19, Objectives of Environmental Education 25, At primary level Introduction 2. At secondary level 28. Nature of Environmental Education 31 Major indicators of Environmental Education curricula 37, Summary 38,
Chapter 2 Curriculum Planning and Implementation 43-88
Introduction 45,
Environmental Education in the school curriculum 45.
Environmental Education as a separate cubject 45,
Environmental Education through infusion approach 46,
Environmental Education through occasional
programmes 46.
Basic curriculum paradigm 47,
New science paradigm 47,
Environmental Education for the community and development 49,
Theme based Environmental Education curriculum 50, Education 53,
Role of environment in Environmental
Factors affecting the curriculum 54,
Learner's characteristics 54,
The philosophy of curriculum planners 55,
The objectives of teaching Environmental Education 55,
Local environment and resources 55,
Characteristics of Environmental Education 55,
Methods suitable for Environmental Education 57,
Problem Solving Methods 57,
(3 ) Investigation method 57,
(ii) Experimental method 59,
(iii) Survey 63.
Simulation methods 65,
(1) Role play 66,
(ii) Eco-game 67.
Other methods 69,
(1) Field trip 69,
(ii) Project 72,
(iii) Case study 73,
(iv) Value clarification 75.
(v) Discussion 77
Outline of lesson plans 78
Summary 87.
Chapter 3.
Evaluation in Environmental Education
Evaluation 90,
Educational measurement 91.
Kinds of evaluation 93.
Micro-evaluation and macro evaluation 93, Formative and summative evaluation 94, Formal and informal evaluation 94,
Pupil achievement evaluation and teacher performance evaluation 95,
Tools of measurement 97
-Paper pencil test 97,
-Multiple choice type test 98,
-Environmental awareness test
-Attitude scale 99,
-Observation schedule 100.
Evaluation of Environmental Education programme 103, Constraints in conducting effective evaluation 105.
Summary 107.
Part II: Necessary knowledge about Environment
Chapter 4.
Ecological Concepts in Environmental Education
Introduction 110,
Ecological hierarchy in the environment- biosphere, biome and ecosystem 110,
(ix)
Ecosystem 114,
Types of ecosystem 114,
Characteristics and structure of ecosystem 116,
Trophic relationships in ecosystem 118.
Ecological pyramids 121.
Flow of energy and nutrients in ecosystem 123,
Nutrient cycles in ecosystem 125,
-Carbon cycle 126,
-Nitrogen cycle 127.
-Oxygen cycle 128,
-Phosphorus cycle 129,
Productivity in ecosystem 130,
Biomagnification 132.
Man and environment-an asynchronous
partnership 133,
Summary 134.
Chapter 5.
Pollution
Pollution and Man 138,
Air pollution 140,
The atmosphere 140,
The natural sources of air pollution 141,
Anthropogenic sources of air pollution 142,
Major air pollutants 147,
Effects of air pollution 149,
-Acid rain 149,
-Ozone hole 154,
-Green house effect 161.
Water pollution 171,
Sources of water 172,
Sources and effects of water pollution 173,
Purification of water 177,
Noise Pollution 180,
Noise 180.
Effects of noise on human health 182,
Reducing noise pollution 184,
Radioactive Pollution 184.
Nuclear fusion and fission 184.
-Alpha decay 186,
-Beta decay 186,
-Gamma decay 186,
Radioactivity and its effects 186,
Summary 188.
Chapter 6.
Environmental Concerns
Population explosion 195,
Population 195,
Population past and present 198, Growth of population in undisturbed ecosystem 200.
Determinants of population growth in India 203, Effect of population growth on environment 204,
Loss of biodiversity 205,
Biodiversity 205,
Levels of biodiversity 205,
Value of biodiversity 206,
Threat to biodiversity 209,
Mathod to save biodiversity 211,
Deforestation 213.
Usefulness of forests 213.
Consequences of deforestation 217,
Social forestry 218,
Soil degradation 219,
Soil structure 219,
Soil texture 220.
Land degradation 222,
Summary 224,
Chapter 7 Preventive Measures
Sustainable development 228.
Legal provisions 234,
Educating the people 239,