Psychology Testing

Contents
PART ONE
FUNCTIONS AND ORIGINS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING
1 Nature and Use of Psychological Tests 16
Uses and varieties of Pychological Tests 16
What is a Pychokesical Tests! 18 Why Control the he of Pychological Test 24
Test Administration 27
Examiner und Stnastisesal Viriables 31 A View from the Test Taker's Perspective
Effects of Training on Test Perkematice 37 Sources of Information about Tests
2 Historical Antecedents of Modern Testing 46
Early Interest in Classification and Training and Mentally Retarded Persons 47
The First Experimental Psychological 48
Contributions of Francis Galron 49
Catrell and the Early "Mental Tests" 50
Binet and the Rise of Intelligence Tests 51
Group Testing 52
Aptitude Testing 53
Standardized Achievement Tests 56
Assessment of Personality 58
PART TWO
TECHNICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
3 Norms and the Meaning of Test Scores 62
Statistical Concepts 63
Development Norms 68 Within-Group Norms 72
Relativity of Norms 80
Computers and the Iriterpretation of Test Scores
Domain-Referenced Test Interpretation 90
Minimum Qualifications and Cutoff Scores
8 CONTENTS
4 Reliability 98
The Correlation Coefficient 00
Types of Reliability 105
Reliability of Speeded Tests 116
Dependence of Reliability Coefficients on the Sample Tested 119
Standard Error of Measurement 121
Rehalsility Applied to Mastery Testing and Cutoff Scores 126
5 Validity: Basic Concepts 127
Evolving Concepts of Test Validity 128
Content-Description Procedures 128
Criterion-Prediction Procedures 132
Construct-Identification Procedures 140
Overview and Integration 150.
6 Validity: Measurement and Interpretation 154 Validity Coefficient and Error of Estimate 155
Test Validity and Decision Theory 158
Combining Information from Different Tests 170
Use of Tests for Classification Decisions 174
Statistical Analyses of Test Bias 178
7 Item Analysis 186
Item Difficulty 187
Item Discrimination 193
Item Response Theory 201
Item Analysis of Speeded Tests 207
Cross-Validation 208
Differential Item Functioning 210
Explorations in Item Development 214
PART THREE
ABILITY TESTING
8 Individual Tests 218
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale 219
The Wechsler Scales 228
The Kaufman Scales 236
Differential Ability Scales 240
Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System 247
9 Tests for Special Populations
10 Group Testing
Alipove Timing and
11 Nature of Intelligence
Mining of3Q509
Sheraton and lelligence 314
Theater of Trat Option 323
Nature and Develo552
12 Psychological Issues in Ability Testing 337
Longrulmal Studies of Colliger 337
Innelligence of Early Childhood 341
Profiles on the Teang of Adult 345
Population Changes intelligence Test Performance
Cultural Devenir 354
PART FOUR PERSONALITY TESTING
13 Self-Report Personality Inventories 362
Coenene Beland Procedines 363
Empirical Common Keying 364 Factor Anilin Test Development 376
Personality Theory Test Development 361
Tie-Talking Anitudes and Response Buses 388
Train, Stanes, Persons and Sinations 393
Cometer Starter of Personally Invesories 399
14 Measuring Interests and Attitudes 400
Invest Inventories Cument Setti401 The Strong Insene (51) 405
Invest Invernuries Overview and Some Highlighm 410
10 CONTENTS
Some Sigraficant Trends 416
Opinion Surveys and Attitude Scales 418
Locm of Control 422
15 Projective Techniques 424
Nature of Projective Techniques 425 Inkblor Techniques 425
Pictorial Techniques 433 Verbal Techniques 439
Autobiographical Memories 441
Performance Techniques 443
Evaluation of Projective Techniques 446
16 Other Assessment Techniques 457
Measures of Styles and Types 457
Situation Tests 404
Self-Concepts and Personal Constructs 468
Ohserver Reports 477
Biodata 483
PART FIVE
APPLICATIONS OF TESTING
17 Major Contexts of Current Test Use 488
Educational Testing 488
Occupational Testing 504
Test Use in Clinical and Counseling Psychology 523
18 Ethical and Social Considerations in Testing 547
Ethical Issues in Psychological Testing and Assessment 549
User Qualifications and Professional Competence 550
Responsibilities of Test Publishers 552
Protection of Privacy 554
Confidentiality 556
Communicating Test Results 557
Testing Diverse Populations 558
APPENDIX
A. Alphabetical Listing of Tests and Other Assessment Tools 565
B. Addresses of Test Publishers, Distributors, and Test-Related Organizations
Acknowledgements 575
Name Index 578
Subject Index 602