TY - BOOK AU - Chaurasia's,B D TI - Human Anatomy SN - 9789385915475 U1 - 611 CHA PY - 2018/// CY - New Delhi PB - CBS Pub. N1 - Contents 1. Introduction 3 Development of Lower Limb 3 Molecular Regulation of Limb Development 4 Parts of the Lower Limb 4 Related Terms 4 Frequently Asked Questions 6 Viva Voce 6 2. Bones 7 Introduction 7 Hip Bone 7 Ilium 7 Pubis 9 Ischium 12 Acetabulum 14 Obturator Foramen 15 Ossification 15 Clinical Anatomy 15 Femur 15 Ossification 21 Clinical Anatomy 21 Patella 23 Ossification 23 Clinical Anatomy 24 Tibia 24 Ossification 28 Clinical Anatomy 29 Fibula 29 Ossification 32 Clinical Anatomy 32 Bones of the Foot 33 Tarsus/Tarsals 33 Talus 33 Ossification 35 Clinical Anatomy 35 Calcaneus or Calcaneum 35 Ossification 37 Clinical Anatomy 37 Navicular Bone 37 Ossification 37 Cuneiform Bones 37 Medial Cuneiform 38 Intermediate Cuneiform 38 Lateral Cuneiform 39 Ossification 39 Cuboid 39 Ossification 40 Metatarsus 40 Ossification 41 Phalanges 41 Ossification 41 Clinical Anatomy 41 Sesamoid Bones 42 X Video 2.2.1 Hip Bone X Video 2.2.2 Femur X Video 2.2.3 Patella X Video 2.2.4 Tibia X Video 2.2.5 Fibula X Video 2.2.6 Tarsus X Video 2.2.7 Metatarsals and Phalanges X Video 2.2.8 Joints of the Foot Mnemonics 42 Facts to Remember 42 Clinicoanatomical Problem 42 Further Reading 43 Frequently Asked Questions 43 Multiple Choice Questions 43 Viva Voce 44 3. Front of Thigh 46 Introduction 46 Surface Landmarks 46 Skin and Superficial Fascia 47 Cutaneous Nerves 47 Cutaneous Arteries 48 Great or Long Saphenous Vein 48 Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes 49 Subcutaneous Bursae 49 Dissection 50 Clinical Anatomy 50 Deep Fascia 50 Dissection 52 Clinical Anatomy 52 Femoral Triangle 52 Boundaries 52 Contents 53 Femoral Sheath 54 Femoral Canal 55 Clinical Anatomy 55 Femoral Artery 57 Clinical Anatomy 58 Femoral Vein 59 Femoral Nerve 59 Branches and Distribution 59 Clinical Anatomy 60 Muscles of the Front of the Thigh 60 Iliacus and Psoas Major 61 Clinical Anatomy 61 Adductor/Hunter’s/Subsartorial Canal 63 Dissection 65 X Video 2.3 Front of Thigh Facts to Remember 65 Clinicoanatomical Problem 65 Further Reading 65 Frequently Asked Questions 65 Multiple Choice Questions 65 Viva Voce 66 4. Medial Side of Thigh 67 Introduction 67 Adductor Compartment 67 Boundaries 67 Dissection 67 Muscles of Adductor/Medial Compartment of Thigh 68 Relations of Adductor Longus 68 Obturator Nerve 69 Clinical Anatomy 70 Accessory Obturator Nerve 71 Obturator Artery 71 Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery 71 Clinical Anatomy 72 X Video 2.4 Medial Side of Thigh Facts to Remember 72 Clinicoanatomical Problem 72 Further Reading 72 Frequently Asked Questions 73 Multiple Choice Questions 73 Viva Voce 73 5. Gluteal Region 74 Introduction 74 Surface Landmarks 74 Dissection 75 Superficial and Deep Fascia 75 Superficial Fascia 75 Cutaneous Nerves 75 Cutaneous Vessels and Lymphatics 76 Deep Fascia 76 Muscles of Gluteal Region 76 Structures under Cover of Gluteus Maximus 78 Structures Deep to the Gluteus Medius 80 Structures Deep to the Gluteus Minimus 80 Dissection 80 Clinical Anatomy 80 Sacrotuberous and Sacrospinous Ligaments 82 Nerves of the Gluteal Region 82 Superior Gluteal Nerve 82 Inferior Gluteal Nerve 82 Sciatic Nerve 82 Clinical Anatomy 82 Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh 83 Nerve to Quadratus Femoris 83 Pudendal Nerve 83 Nerve to the Obturator Internus 83 Perforating Cutaneous Nerve 83 Arteries of Gluteal Region 84 Superior Gluteal Artery 84 Inferior Gluteal Artery 84 Internal Pudendal Artery 84 Trochanteric Anastomosis 84 Cruciate Anastomosis 84 Structures Passing through the Greater Sciatic Foramen (Gateway of Gluteal Region) 85 Structures Passing through the Lesser Sciatic Foramen 85 X Video 2.5 Gluteal Region Facts to Remember 85 Clinicoanatomical Problem 85 Further Reading 85 Frequently Asked Questions 86 Multiple Choice Questions 86 Viva Voce 86 6. Popliteal Fossa 87 Introduction 87 Surface Landmarks 87 Dissection 87 Location 87 Boundaries 87 Contents 89 Popliteal Artery 89 Clinical Anatomy 90 Popliteal Vein 90 Tibial Nerve in Popliteal Fossa 91 Clinical Anatomy 91 Common Peroneal Nerve 91 Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh 92 Genicular Branch of Obturator Nerve 92 Popliteal Lymph Nodes 92 Clinical Anatomy 92 Anastomoses Around the Knee Joint 92 X Video 2.6 Popliteal Fossa Mnemonics 93 Facts to Remember 93 Clinicoanatomical Problem 93 Further Reading 93 Frequently Asked Questions 94 Multiple Choice Questions 94 Viva Voce 94 7. Back of Thigh 95 Introduction 95 Muscles and Nerves 95 Muscles of the Back of Thigh 95 Dissection 95 Clinical Anatomy 95 Sciatic Nerve 99 Clinical Anatomy 100 Arteries of the Back of Thigh 101 Anastomoses on the Back of Thigh 102 X Video 2.7 Back of the Thigh Facts to Remember 103 Clinicoanatomical Problem 103 Further Reading 103 Frequently Asked Questions 104 Multiple Choice Questions 104 Viva Voce 104 8. Front of Leg with Dorsum of Foot; Lateral and Medial Sides of Leg 105 Introduction 105 Surface Landmarks 105 Superficial Fascia 106 Superficial Veins 106 Cutaneous Nerves 107 Dissection 107 Clinical Anatomy 107 Deep Fascia 107 Superior Extensor Retinaculum 108 Inferior Extensor Retinaculum 109 Dissection 109 Clinical Anatomy 109 Muscles of Front of Leg 109 Muscles of Anterior Compartment of the Leg 109 Anterior Tibial Artery 109 Deep Peroneal Nerve 113 Dissection 114 Clinical Anatomy 115 Dorsum of Foot 115 Dorsalis Pedis Artery (Dorsal Artery of the Foot) 115 Dissection 116 Clinical Anatomy 116 Fascia and Muscles of Lateral Side of the Leg 116 Peroneal Retinacula 116 Dissection 117 Clinical Anatomy 117 Peroneal Muscles 117 Clinical Anatomy 117 Superficial Peroneal Nerve 117 Dissection 118 Clinical Anatomy 118 Tendons on Medial Side of the Leg 118 Dissection 119 Clinical Anatomy 119 X Video 2.8 Front of Leg Mnemonics 119 Facts to Remember 120 Clinicoanatomical Problem 120 Further Reading 120 Frequently Asked Questions 121 Multiple Choice Questions 121 Viva Voce 121 9. Back of Leg 123 Introduction 123 Superficial Fascia 123 Small or Short Saphenous Vein 123 Great or Long Saphenous Vein 123 Cutaneous Nerves 123 Dissection 124 Clinical Anatomy 124 Deep Fascia 124 Boundaries and Subdivisions 124 Flexor Retinaculum 125 Dissection 125 Clinical Anatomy 126 Muscles 126 Superficial Muscles 126 Deep Muscles 128 Dissection 129 Clinical Anatomy 129 Posterior Tibial Artery 130 Peroneal Artery 131 Tibial Nerve 131 Clinical Anatomy 132 X Video 2.9 Back of Leg Mnemonics 133 Facts to Remember 133 Clinicoanatomical Problem 133 Further Reading 133 ER -