CONTENTS Agada Tantra 1. Etymology of Agada Tantra Introduction Nirukti Etymology (paribhasha) of visha Qualities & duties of pranacharya Vishotpatti (Mythological origin of poison) Vishayoni-kriya (The sources and effects of visha) Visha: prakara evam bheda (Types and classification of poison) Classification of poison Corrosives Irritants Neurotics Cardiac poisons Asphyxiate Miscellaneous Medico-legal classification Visha-adhisthana (Modalities of sthavara visha and jangama visha) Seat of poison Clinical features of poisoning by inanimate (sthavara) objects Sixteen sources of animate poisons 2. Visha-Pariksha (Investigation of Visha) Visha swarupa Physical state Chemical & mechenical combination Panchabautika investigation Testing of visha according to the source (Uttpatti) Testing of visha based on the properties (Gunas) Modern aspect of poison Poisoning in the living Poisoning in the dead Visha-sambhavita rogas (Visha induced diseases) 3. Charactistics and Identification of Vishadata Modalities of visha Testing of vishakta (poisoned) food Visha-sankata (Critical/Fatal period) Shankaa visha (Phobia of poisoned) Vishakanya Use of visha in ware fare in ancient times Water poisoning and its management Soil poisoning and its management Atmoshperic poisoning 4. Dushi visha & Gara visha Upavisha mentioned in different works Dushi visha Navopavisha (Nine upavishas) Gara visha Ten attributes of poison The differences between ten properties of ojas and visha Vishajanita rogas (Visha induced diseases) Visha-upadrava (Complications due to poisoning) Vegas, vegantara signs and symptoms of poisoning and treatment Sthavara visha vega lakshanas The four stages of poisoning in quadruped animals The three stages of poisoning in birds Stagewise treatment of poisoning Visha-sankramana 5. Sthavra Visha Krittrima Vishas Corrosives Mineral acids Organic acids Sulphuric acid-H,SO (Oil of vitriol) Nitric acid-HNO, (Aqua forties) Hydrochloric acid-Hel Oxalic acid Carbolic acid (Phenol) Corrosive alkalies Irritant poisons Phosphorous Irrespirable gases Carbon dioxide (CO₂) Carbon monoxide 6. Visha: Samanya Chikitsa (General Treatment of Poisoning) General principle of treatment of visha and the upakramas (measures) according to Charaka Modern aspect General treatment of poisoning Removal and neutralization Emetics used Contra-indications of emetics Antidotes 1. Mechanical 2. Chemical 3. Physiological Universal antidote (Samanya agada) 7. Madya Visha Gunas and doshas of madya (Useful and harmful effects of alcohol) Attributes of alcohol Affliction of ojas in different stages of intoxication Effects of excessive intake of alcohol Alcoholic intoxication Signs and symptoms of madatyaya in general Drunkenness Breath 8. Jangama Visha (Poisons of Animal Origin) Sarpa-visha Features of the three main types of snakes Caste-wise classification of snakes Sex recognition in serpents Male snakes Female snakes Napumsaka (impotent) snakes Nocturnal habits of snakes Age of the snake and other factors in relation to fatality of the bite Damsha-karana (Reasons for biting) Types of snake-bites Factors attenuating snake venom Clinical features of bites Special features of bites according to snake's age, sex etc Management of snake-bites poisoning 1. Arishta-bandhana 2. Agni-karma 3. Achushana 4. Mantra-prayoga 5. Sira-vedhana 6. Pralepa and parisheka 7. Oral medication 8. Emesis 9. Netranjana 10. Agada-sevana Modern aspects Fatal period Principles of treatment Vrischika-visha (Scorpion poison) The mild-poisonous scorpions and features of their bites their bites The moderately poisonous scorpions and features of The strongly poisonous scorpions and features of their bite Virschika visha-lakshanas Treatment of scorpion-bites Modern aspects Luta-visha (Poisoning by venomous spiders) Mythological origin of spiders Classification of spiders Treatment of poisoning by spiders Mushika-visha (Rat poison) Mode of poisoning Clinical features of rats-bite poisoning Treatment of rat-bite Alarka visha Prognosis (Sadhya-asadhyata) Cantharides-visha (Poisoning by Spanish fly) Signs and symptoms Fatal dose, period & treatment Post-mortem appearances Medico-legal aspects 9. Description, Signs and Treatment of Upavisha Inroduction Kupilu (Strychnos nuxvomica) Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium) Ahiphena (Papaver somniferum) Jayapala (Croton tiglium) Dhattura (Datura) Bhanga (Connabis indica or Cannabis sativa) Arka (Calotropis gigantea) Snuhi (Euphorbia nerifolia) Gunja (Abrus precatorius) Langali/Kalihari (Gloriosa superba) Karaveera (Oleander) (Nerium odorum) Vatsanabha (Aconite) 10. Khanija Visha (Metallic/Mineral Poisons) Parada (Mercury) Naga (Lead) Vanga (Tin) Shankha pashana (Arsenic) Tamra (Copper) 11. Ahara Visha Viruddha Guna-viruddha Virya-viruddha Kala-viruddha Matra-viruddha Svabhava-viruddha Bad effects of incompatibles Diseases caused by the intake of viruddhahara Ahara-visha: Samanya chikitsa Causes of food poisoning Bacterial food poisoning Non bacterial food poisoning 12. Commonly Used Poisons Classification Domestic household poisons Therapeutic household poison Garden poisons Kerosene Organo phosphorous compounds D.D.T. Endrine (xv) The duty of a medical practitioner in case of suspected poisoning Annexure-1 Brief information about different poisons Annexure-2 Recipes useful in visha-chikitsa PART: B Vyavahara Ayurveda Nyayalaya (The Court) 1. Paribhasha (Definition) Inquest Exhumation Aarakshi-parikshana (Police-inquest) Shapatha (Oath) Summon Chikitsaka sakshi (Medical evidence) Moukhika sakshya (Oral evidence) Likhita sakshya (Documentary evidence) Chikitsaka pramana-patra (Medical certificate) Medico-legal report Dying declaration & deposition Kinds of witness Common witness Expert witness Hostile witness 2. Ayur Vivechana/Ayu Nirnaya (Determination of Age) Identity Race Sex Hermaphrodite Age Complexion Scars Anthropometry Dactylography Poroscopy Foot prints Hair Tattoo-marks Deformities Occupational marks 3. Mrtyu (Death) (a) Sornatic death (b) Molecular death Types of death 1. Syncope (Failure of circulatory system) 2. Asphyxia (Failure of respiratory system) 3. Coma (Failure of brain fuction) Prakara (Modes of death) Mrtyu-chihna (Signs of death) Medico-legal aspects Cadaveric spasm (Instantaneous rigor) Stage of primary relaxation Rigor mortis (Mrityuttara sankocha) Secondary relaxation Putrefaction Autolysis Bacterial action Symptoms Early putrefaction Late putrefaction Factors modify putrefaction Adipocere or saponification Mummification Mrityu-kala nirnaya (Time since death) Violent asphyxial deaths Asphyxia Inspiratory dyspnoea Hanging Strangulation Mugging Garrotting Differences between hanging and strangulation Throttling Suffocation Smothering Burking Choking Gagging Traumatic asphyxia Drowning Autopsy Preserve Instruction of preservation and dispatch 4. Abhighata (Injury) Classification of wounds in Ayurveda 1. Chhinna (Severed) 2. Bhinna (Ruptured) 3. Viddha (Punctured) 4. Kshata (Lacerated) 5. Pichchita (Crushed) 6. Ghrishta (Abraded) Classification of wounds in modern medical science Abhigata Prakara 1. Abrasion: 2. Contusion 3. Lacerated wound 4. Incised-wound 5. Stab wounds (Punctured wounds) 6. Firearm wounds or gun-shot wounds Differences between entrance-wound and exir-wound Differences between ante-mortem and post-mortem wounds accidental wound Differences between suicidal, homicidal and Electrocution (Vidyut-daha) Effects due to passage of electricity Cause of death Medico-legal aspects Burns and scalds (Daha) Classification Wilson's simplified classification Medico-legal classification Autopsy findings Medico-legal aspects Preternatural combustibility 5. Vyabhichara (Aprakrtika karma); Garbhapata; Bhr hatya; Napumsakata; Vandhyatwa and Koumarya Vyabichara (Adultery) Natural sexual offences Rape Incest Unnatural sexual offences (Aprakritika karma) Sexual perversions Indecent assault Garbhapata (Abortion) Classification of abortion Natural abortion Artificial or induced abortion Cause of death in criminal abortion: Bhruna-Hatya (Infanticide) Medico-legal aspects Napumsakata and vandhyatwa (Impotence and sterility) (xix) Medico-legal importance Causes of impotence and sterility 'Koumarya (Virginity) Signs of virginity Signs of defloration 6. Unmada (Insanity) Unmada (Insanity) Illusion Delusion Hallucination Lucid interval Classification of mental disorders Medico-legal aspects Medical certificate for insane person 7. Chikitsaka-kartavya, Achara-Niyama, Vyavasay adhikara and Gopaneeyata Chikitsaka-kartavya (Duties of doctor) Achara-niyama (Medical ethics and laws) Vyavasayika adhikaras (Professional rights) Gopaneeyata (Professional secret) Previleged communication 8. Ayurveda Prayojana 9. Adharma-Roga Karakata 10. Vibhinna Papa Kayika papas Vachaka papas Manasika papas