Inderbir Singh's Human Embryology
- New Delhi Jaypee 2023
- 370p.
CONTENTS 1. Introduction and Some Preliminary Consideratione Reproduction Devetsporect of a Human Being Pregnancy Destation der Viability 5 Embryology S Bubdivisions of Embryoingy Importance of Embryology in the Medical Prof Beer Process Enbryology 6 2. Genetics and Molecular Biology in Embryology Chromosomes B Karyotyping Lyon Hypothesis and Sex Chromatin Chromosomal Abnormalities Allele Gene Polymorphism and Mutation Mosaicism Chimerism 16 Punnett Square 16 Parthenogeneem Cleavage Symbols Used for Chromosomal Nomenclature 16 Inheritance of Genetic Disorders Cell Division and Cell Cycle Genetic Counseling unplantation Changes in the Endometrioni of The Uterus 5. Second Week of Development-Bilaminar Germ Disc Formation Subdivisions of Slectind Week of Development 62 6. Third Week of Development- Germinal Period Third Week of Development 73 Changes in the Germ Disc or Embryonic Area 74 Formation of Primitive Streak 74 Connecting Stalk 75 Formation of Notochord 75 Formation of the Neural Tube 76 Formation of Intraembryonic Mesoderm (Third Germ Layer) 77 Regions of Germ Disc that Remain Bilaminar 78 Subdivisions of Intraembryonic 62 73 3. Reproductive System, Gametogenesis, Ovarian, and Menstrual Cycles 22 Introduction 23 Male Reproductive System 23. Female Reproductive System 24 Gametogenesis 26. Spermatogenesis 27 Oogenesis 30 Ovarian Cycle Menstrual Cycle Hormonal Control of Ovarian and Uterine Cycles 4. First Week of Development-Stages of Embryology/Gestational Period Gestational Period First Week of Development Fertilization Gestation and Calculation of Expected Date of Delivery Polar Bodies Sex Determination Clinical Importance of Ovulation and Fertilization Test Tube Babies/in Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Mesoderm Extent of Components of Intraembryonic Mesoderm Changes in the Trophoblast 7. Embryonic Period of Development Introduction Growth of the Embryo and its Age Determination Embryonic Period 8. Further Growth of the Fetus Fetal Period of Development Determining the Age of a Living Fetus Control of Fetal Growth Fetal Growth Retardation Causation of Congenital Anomalies (Teratogenesis) Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Diseases and Malformations Fetal Therapies 9. Placenta, Fetal Membranes and Twinning Formation of Placenta Fetal/Extraembryonic Membranes 108 Mutual Relationship of Amniotic Cavity, Extraembryonic Coelom and Uterine Cavity Multiple Births and Twinning 10. Formation of Tissues of the Body Introduction 117 Epithelia 118 Connective Tissue 119 Muscular Tissue 128 Nervous Tissue 129 11. Integumentary System (Skin and its Appendages, Mammary Gland) Skin 133 Appendages of Skin 135 12. Branchial Apparatus (Pharyngeal Arches + Endodermal Pouches + Ectodermal Clefts) Introduction 142 Pharyngeal/Branchial Arches 143 Derivatives of Skeletal Elements Muscles of Arches 144 Nerves and Fate of Ectodermal Clefts 147 145 Fate of Endodermal Pouches 148 Development of Palatine Tonsil 148 Development of Thymus 148 Development of Parathyroid Glands 149 Development of Thyroid Gland 149 Pharyngeal Apparatus/Branchial Apparatus 149 13. Skeletal System and Muscular System Part 1: Skeletal System 154 Somites 154 Development of Axial Skeleton 155 Formation of Limbs 159 Joints 160 Part 2: Muscular System 161 Skeletal Muscle 161 Development of Muscular System 161 14. Face, Nose and Palate Development of Face 164 Development of Various Parts of Face 165 Development of Nasal Cavities 170 Development of Palate 172 15. Alimentary System-1: Mouth, Pharynx and Related Structures Mouth Pharynx Tongue Derivatives of Oral Cavity Salivary Glands 16. Alimentary System-II: Gastrointestinal Tract Derivation of Individual Parts of Alimentary Tract Rotation of Gut Fixation of Gut 17. Liver and Biliary Apparatus; Pancreas and Spleen Liver and Biliary Apparatus Liver and intrahepatic Biliary Apparatus 7 Gallbladder and Ex Passages (Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus) 207 Pancreas and Spleen 210 Pancreas 210 Spleen 212 18. Body Cavities, Diaphragm, and Respiratory System Body Cavities and Diaphragm 217 Body Cavities 217 Diaphragm 225 Respiratory System 228. Larynx 231 Trachea 232 Extrapulmonary Bronchi 232 Intrapulmonary Bronchi and Lungs 232 19. Cardiovascular System Part 1: Heart 241 Components of Blood Vascular System 241 Formation of Blood Cells and Vessels 241 Extraembryonic Blood Vascular System 242 Intraembryonic Blood Vascular System 242 Development of Heart 242 Development of Various Chambers of Heart 244 Exterior of the Heart 251 Valves of the Heart 252 Conducting System of Heart 253 Pericardial Cavity 253 Part 2: Arteries 257 Pharyngeal Arch Arteries and Their Fate • Development of Other Arteries Part 3: Veins Introduction Visceral Veins Somatic Veins Veins of Brain Veins of Cervicothoracic Region Veins of Abdomen 270 • Azygos System of Veins 272 Part 4: Fetal Circulation 274 • Changes in the Circulation at Birth 276 Part 5: Lymphatic System 277 20. Urogenital System Development of Kidneys • Ascent of Kidney Rotation of Kidney Development of Ureter Development of Urethra Development of Urinary Bladder Development of Prostate Development of Uterus and Uterine Tubes • Development of Vanina Primordial Germ Celis 299 Development of Testes 299 CONTENTS Development of Ovary 303 Fate of Mesonephric (Wolffian) Duct and Tubules in Male 304 22. Endocrine Glands Classification of Endocrine Glands 328 Hypophysis Cerebri or Pituitary Gland 329 Fate of Mesonephric (Wolffian) Ducts and Pineal Gland 330 Adrenal Gland/Suprarenal Gland 330 Tubules in Female 305 Control of Differentiation of Genital 23. Development of Eye • Formation of Optic Vesicle 333 Organs 305 Formation of Lens Vesicle 333 Formation of Optic Cup 334 .Nervous System 309 Derivation of Parts of Eyeball 335 Accessory Structures of Eyeball 338 24. Development of the Ear Internal Ear 343 Introduction 310 Neural Tube and its Subdivisions 310 • Neural Crest Cells • Spinal Cord Brainstem Cerebellum Cerebral Hemisphere Autonomic Nervous System Time Table of Some Events in Nervous System Development External Ear Middle Ear 25. Embryology Ready Reckoner Developmental Anatomy at a Glance