Principles of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

Contents
Section 1: Forensic Medicine
1. Forensic Medicine: Basic Consideration
Jub specallies 4 Other Terms 4
Medicolegal Case 3
•History of Forensic Medicine 5
2. Legal Procedure
Legal System 2
Punishments 11
Inquest 11
Court 14
Summons or Subpoena 16
Medical Evidence 18
Procedure of Recording a Dying Declaration 19
Dying Deposition 20
Witnesses 21
Procedure in Court 22
Conduct of Doctor in the Court 23
E
7
3 . Medical Jurisprudence: Medical Law and Ethics 26
Legal and Ethical Aspects of Medical Practice 27
Medical Council of India 27
National Medical Commission 28
State Medical Council 31
Medical Ethics 31
Duties of Registered Medical Practitioners 34
Legal Aspect of Medical Practice 36
Consent 39
Medical Negligence 43
4. Consumer Protection Act and Indemnity Insurance
The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 51
Indemnity Insurance 53
5. Telemedicine
Purpose of MCI Guidelines 55
Scope of Telemedicine 55
Telemedicine Application 55
Type of Consultation 56
51
Corwent 50
Prescribing Medicines 56
Medical Ethics, Cata Privacy, and Confidentiality 57 Documentation of Telemedicine Consultation 57
Fee for Telemedicine Consultation 5
Emergency Situations 57
Exclusions of Telemedicine 57
Telemedicine Solution by Government 57
6. Euthanasia and Advance Medical Directives
Classification 59
Euthanasia: Legal Status in India 59
Advance Medical Directives 60
Revocation or Inapplicability of Advance
Directive 61 End Note 62
7. Biomedical Waste Management
Importance of Biowaste 64
Types of Biomedical Waste 64
Principles of Waste Management 64 Responsibilities of Hospital 64
Responsibilities of Operator 67
8. Identification
Types 69
Medicolegal Importance 69
Corpus Delicti 70
Data Required for Identification 70
9. Forensic Osteology
Bone or Not 113
Manner of Separation 118
Skull 118
Mandible 122
Femur 124
Tibia 126
Fibula 127
55
Humerus 128 Radius 129
Ulna 130
Sternum 131
• Scapula 131
e Medicine and Toricalogy
wwwle 133
Pelvis and Feber 194
10. DNA Profiling
Basic Consideration 140
Types of DNA 141
Techniques of DNA Typing 141
Regulation Ritt, 2010 145
Obscue Autop у 194
Earnination tion of Decomposest li do
Eomination of Mut
140
Proposed the DNA Technology (Use and Application)
11. Death and Changes after Death
Features of Model Definition 148 Statutory Definition 148
Medicolegal Implications of Death 148
Types of Death 148
Types of Death Certification 149
Brain Death 149
Importance of Determination of Brain Death 150
Determinations of Brainstem Death 150
Preconditions 150
Brainstem Reflexes 151
Apnea Test 151
Errors in Diagnosis of Death 151
Medical Certification of Cause of Death 151
Apparent Death 154 Presumption of Death 154
Presumption of Survivorship 154
Modes of Death 155
Manner of Death 155 Changes After Death 156
Cooling of Body 159
Postmortem Lividity 162- Changes in Muscle 165
Decomposition 171
Adipocere 179 Mummification 181
Forensic Entomology 183
Sudden Death 184
Postmortem Examination
Autopsy 187
Types of Autopsy 187
Postmortem Examination Report 189
Autopsy Procedure 189
Incision 190
Autopsy Technique 190
Cranial Cavity 191
Chest and Abdominal Cavity 192
Opening of Spinal Cord 192
Laboratory investigations 192
Fetal Autopsy 193
Negative Autopsy 194
Exhumation 195
Postmortem Artelach 196
13.
Injury: General Considerations and Biophysics 201
Classification 204
Physics of Factors influencing for Causation of Wounds 20% (Biophysics of injury: 204 of Wounding
147
14. Mechanical Injury
Abrasion 208 Contusion 215
187
Other Conditions 219
Value of a Bruise 220
Artificial Bruises 220
Lacerated Wounds 222 Incised Wound 226
Mechanism 226 Chop Wound 229
Medicolegat importance 230
Stab Wounds (Puncture Wounds) 230
Healing of Injury (Lacerated Wound, Incised Woun
and Stab) 233
Fractures 234
15.
Firearm Injuries and Bomb Blast Injuries
Firearm Injuries 237
Classification of Firearms 237 Firearm 239
Structure of Smooth Bore Firearm (Shotgun) 240
Gauge or Bore 240
Non-choking 240
Choking 240
Advantages of Choking 241
Cartridge of Shotgun (Smooth Bore Firearm) 24
Importance of Rifling 244 Advantage of Rifling 244
Classification of Rifled Firearm 245
Cartridge of Rifled Firearm 245
Bullet 246
Jacketed Bullet 246
Other Types of Bullet 247
Rifling Marks Over Bullet 248
Wound Ballistics (Firearm Wounds) 249
Injuries Caused by Rifled Firearms (Gunshot
Wounds) 249
Features of Gunshot Wounds 249
Entry Wound in Rifled Firearm 251
Contact Shot 251
• Close Shot 253
Near Shot 254
Smooth Farm houry 350
Dent Sne 253
Exls Wands
Importance of 258 Unusual Efect of 215
Entry Woond 25
Contact Shot 28
Chote ftange Wunsch 258 Short Range Words 250
Medium Range Wounh 219
Distant Range Wounds 250
Exit Wound 259
19. Thermal Injury Injuries due to Cald, Heat
Electricity, and Lightning
20. Asphyxia
An117 Mectiamical Ag
Unomial Batione Effects 200
Autopsy Examination (Postmortem Examinationl 200
Detection of Frearm Residue 201
Medicolegal Importance 201
Accident, Suicide, ev Homicide 261 Explosion and Bornb Blast Injuries 201
Autapvy Findings 262.
16. Regional Injuries
Head Injury 264
Injury to Skull 260 Skull Fracture 268
Injury to Meninges and Brain 272
Intracranial Hemorrhage 272
Injury to Brain 277
Injury to Spine and Spinal Cord 280
Injury to Neck 281
Injury to Chest 281
Injury to Abdomen 282.
Injuries to Pedestrian 286
Injuries Sustained by Motorcyclist 287
7. Road Traffic Accidents
Injuries Sustained to Occupant of Vehicle 288
3. Injury: Medicolegal Considerations
Responsibilities of Registered Medical
Practitioner 293
Examination of Injured Person and injury Certificate 293
Injury and Law 295
Healing of Cutaneous Wound 299
Age of Injury 300
Complications of Injury 301
Cause of Death from Injury/injuries 302
Volitional Act 302
Ewings Postulate 302
Weapons 302
Homicide 304
264
286
293
(Velent Aspro 341
At Firing Protmortem Examinarska 35
Jurlicat Hariging 150 Lynching 150
Autoerotic Hanging 351 Medicolegal importaner 351
Strangulation 152
Throttling (Manual Strangulationi 355
Mansdola 358
Garroting 358
Mugging 358 Suffocation 358
Drowning 361
107
357
Autopsy Findings (Postmortem Examination 36
21. Sexual Jurisprudence: Sexual Offences and Perversions
• Virginity 372
Hymen 372
Sexual Offences 374
372
Medical Examination of Survivor of Sexual Assault
(Rape Victim) 377
The Protection of Children from Sexual
Offences Act 2012 383
Medical Examination of Accused of Sexual
Assault 384
Incest 387
Adultery 388
22. Pregnancy and Delivery
Pregnancy 395
Delivery 401
Superfoetation or Superfetation 404
Superfecundation 405
Fecundation Ab Extra- 405
395
23. Abortion and Medical Termination of Pregnancy 406
• Abortion 406
Classification 406
Criminal Abortion 407
Justifiable Abortion (or Therapeutic Abortion) 411
xlv Principles of Ferensic Medicine arul Thingy
24.
Infant Deaths and Female Feticide
Infanticide 18
Subnet Chill 415 Dead Been Chin но т
Macenition 415 Munication Th
Potrebction 412
Live Bem Chill 17
Abandonment of Child 421 Concealment of Birth 427
Sundden lefant Death Syndrome 422
Battered Baby Syndrome 422 Cinderella Syndrome 423
Shaken Baby Syndrome 423
Munchausen's Syndrome by Praxy 424
Female Feticide 424
25. Legitimacy, Paternity and Medicolegal
Aspects of Marriage Annulment
Nullity of Marriage and Divorce 426
Legitimacy 427
Paternity 428
26.
Impotence, Infertility, and Sterilization
Impotence, Premature Ejaculation, and
Erectile Dysfunction 429
Certification of Potency 430
Medicolegal Importance of Impotence 431
Female Sexual Dysfunction 432
Medicolegal importance of Female Sexual
Dysfunction 432
Sterility (or Infertility) 432
Sterilization 433
27. Assisted Reproduction
Definition of ART 438
ART Procedures 438
• Artificial Insemination 438
Posthumous Reproduction 440
Surrogacy 440
28
. Forensic Psychiatry
414
426
429
438
Temperte ASA
Doc of thoctrine of P Pamat Respo
Ciennat Respondy Circumvetances 455
29.
Biomedical Research
Stem Cells and Research 456 Clone and Cloning 45
Biomedical Research 458
Clinical Triale 460
30.
Crime Scene Investigation
Locard's Principle of Exchange z Importance of Crime Scene Investigation
Secure the Crime Scene 462 Methods to Investigate Crime Scene 4
Meaning and Sources of Physical Endence
Photography 463
31. Forensic
Laboratory Investigation in Medicolegal Practice
Blood, Bloodstains, and Blood Tests 464
Semen 467
Saliva 470
Hair and Fibers 470
32. Emerging Technology in Forensic Medicine and
Forensic Science
Imaging Technology 474
Virtual Autopsy or Digital Autopsy 476
Virtopsy 476
Narcoanalysis 477
Polygraph 477
Brain Fingerprinting 478
Facial Reconstruction 480
442
33. Starvation
Malnutrition 482
Starvation 482
Classification 443
Psychiatric Disorders 443
Impulse 447
Schizophrenia 447
Psychosis and Neurosis 447
Fatal Period 482
Personality Disorder 447
Lucid Interval 448
Clinical Features 483
Causes of Mental Iliness 448
Diagnosis of Mentally ill Person 448
Feigned Insanity 448
Factors Affecting Death due to Starvation 483
Causes of Starvation 483.
Autopsy Findings 483
• Medicolegal Importance 485
Conte
34. Human Rights, Torture, and Medical Ethics
Torture 486
Torture and Medical Ethics A
Legal Aspects 488
National Human Right Commission 489
Postmortem Examination 489
35. Anesthetic and Operative Deaths
Types of Anesthesia 490
Anesthetics 490
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 490
Classification of Anesthetic Patients 491
Anesthetic Deaths for Death due to Anesthesia) 491
Postmortem Examination 492
Possible Samples that Ccould be
Preservaed During Autopsy
Medicolegal Aspects 492 Hospital Investigation
Corrosive Poisons
Inorganic Acids
Sulfuric Acid
Nitric Acid
Hydrochloric Acid Vitriolage
Organic Acid
Inorganic irritants: Nonmetallic Poisons
Phosphorus
lodine
. Inorganic Irritants: Metallic Poisons
• Copper Arsenic
Mercury
Lead (Sisha) iron
Section 2: Toxicology
Zinc (Jasat)
Antimony
Thallium
36. General Toxicology
Metal Fume Fever
History of Toxicology
Organic Irritants: Plant
Definitions
Routes of Administration Routes of Elimination
Poisonous Parts of Plant
Toxic Principle in Plant
Abrus
Action of Poison
Castor
Factors Affecting the Action of Poison
Craton
Classification of Poison
Capsicum Calotropis
Diagnosis of Poisoning
Diagnosis in Dead (Postmortem Examination
Marking Nut Plumbago
Colocynth
Findings)
37. Toxicology: Medicolegal Considerations
Duties of Medical Practitioner
Poisons and the Indian Penal Code
Poisons and Relevant Acts and Rules Made
Thereunder
The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940
The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945
The Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisement) Act, 1954
The Drugs (Control) Act, 1950
The Narcotic Drugs and Psychoactive Substances
Act, 1985
Collection
Preservatives
Body Fluids
Non-Detection of Poison
Analytical Toxicology
Other Methods
The Employee's Compensation Act,
Ergot
42. Organic Irritants: Animal Bites and Stings
Snake
Poisonous Snakes
Common (Spectacled) Cobra
King Cobra
Common Krait
Banded Krait
Saw-scaled Viper
Russell's Viper
Sea Snakes
Management
Scorpion Bees and Wasps
43. Mechanical Irritants
Examples
Clinical Features